Mastery of CCR Diving is a Series of Baby Steps!

Randy Thornton

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Mastery of CCR Diving is a Series of Baby Steps!

Due to my post last week about standards violations, I received a fair bit of hate mail as well as legitimate questions from divers and instructors seeking further clarification on my comments. Consequently, I have decided to write a series of short posts explaining my philosophy on CCR training in general as well as my suggestions on how we as an industry can step up our game to improve CCR dive safety and hopefully improve the level of training as well as personal diving practice.

First of all, let me start by saying that much of what I will be sharing over the next several weeks is not new or unique. You will have probably heard or read much of this before! Perhaps it will be organized in such a way that it hopefully resonates with you or maybe you just need a good reminder!

Please keep in mind, that CCR training is in a constant state of flux. New units, new techniques, new technology and a deeper understanding of the physiology and the science behind diving, contributes to a very fluid educational environment. This is exciting however, and means that as we strive to increase our knowledge base and equally important, work diligently to master the corresponding skills associated with these changes, we hopefully work towards a safer CCR diving experience.

One of the biggest hurdles for new CCR divers, instructors and ITs is that of impatience. Most new CCR divers come from an open circuit technical diving background where they many times have been performing advanced technical dives. The decision to pursue CCR training is often associated with a desire to take their diving to the next level. It is often quite difficult for new CCR divers to accept the fact that they will need to be starting over in their progression. Skills, procedures and responses to various emergency scenarios are many times NOT the same as OC diving. New CCR divers need to understand and ackowledge that in order to develop and internalize safe diving practices, they will need to move slowly and methodically through their mastery process.

Instructors and ITs need to understand and accept the fact that their students need a slow and methodical approach to mastery and internalization of skills. Instructors and ITs who simply demonstrate a skill once (or even worse, who just talk about a skill) have the student perform it once, check it off the list and then move on to the next skill, are not helping students truly learn and retain the ability to perform this skill when it really counts. I can’t begin to tell you how many times I have had students show up for CCR Trimix, Advanced Trimix or CCR Cave courses who did not have a true understanding or mastery of rudimentary CCR skills and responses. It is often difficult to know whether the problem lies with the student or with the instructor or some combination of both, but as a community, WE HAVE A PROBLEM! To think that a diver will somehow rise to the occasion when a crisis hits is simply wishful thinking. Divers perform at the level of their training and mastery. Adding stress does not improve one’s ability to perform.

It is critical, that during training, skills are demonstrated by the instructor, using the same equipment as the student, and then have the student perform the skills multiple times throughout the training so that through repetition of correct procedures, the student starts to develop muscle memory. I like to tell my students that we are developing “thinking divers”, but it is very difficult for a diver to stop and calmly “think” about the appropriate response when they are uncomfortable performing the associated skills. We should not be looking to just put a check on a checklist, but should be focusing on allowing students to have the opportunity through repeated practice to demonstrate familiarity and mastery of life saving CCR skills. We may need to stop and think for a few seconds about the appropriate response, but we should never have to stop and think about how to perform the response once we’ve made a decision about which response is appropriate. Instructors, please make sure students understand why they are doing specific skills and then drill, drill, drill and then drill some more. As Vince Lombardi once said, “Practice doesn’t make perfect, perfect practice makes perfect”. As a student, if you are uncomfortable with a specific skill or response, please ask your instructor to spend more time with you on it! They probably already recognize that you are struggling with some particular skill, but don’t hesitate to speak up and request additional time working on those areas that you feel are lacking.

As CCR divers, we need to have the self-discipline to take things slow and easy once we are out of class. I will never forget the frustration I felt when a brand newly minted CCR diver had just finished my class and then went out and performed a 100 meter dive the next weekend. I had another student who finished up his CCR Cave class and the very next day got his DPV and rode it back to the Henkle in Ginnie Springs (3000 feet from the entrance). Somehow, I had failed to instill an appreciation in these students that baby steps are necessary as we slowly and consistently practice and internalize rudimentary skills to progress towards more advanced CCR diving. (Believe me, we had a very heated discussion in both instances afterwards!) This is part of the reason why I am so opposed to accelerated CCR diver and instructor level courses. It sends the wrong message to students and does not help to instill an appreciation for regular, consistent practice over a long period. Just like learning a musical instrument, a foreign language, or mathematics requires TIME, and regular consistent practice, learning and progressing on CCR is most effective when practiced in the same manner. There really is no way to fast track this. This doesn’t mean that only old men can be proficient CCR divers and instructors. Far from it in fact! What it does mean is that it takes self-discipline and a commitment to slow progression. It’s not a race! Enjoy the journey!

More to come! Stay tuned!
 
Mastery of CCR Diving is a Series of Baby Steps!

Instructors and ITs need to understand and accept the fact that their students need a slow and methodical approach to mastery and internalization of skills. Instructors and ITs who simply demonstrate a skill once (or even worse, who just talk about a skill) have the student perform it once, check it off the list and then move on to the next skill, are not helping students truly learn and retain the ability to perform this skill when it really counts.

More to come! Stay tuned!

I'd also like to point out that it is as important to know WHY a certain response is required to a specific situation. IMHO, it isn't enough to demonstrate that you have the muscle memory to do something.

For example, if your PO2 is low, WHY?

Out of O2? Solenoid not firing? Controller batteries dead? Lazy on a manual CCR and not adding O2? Rapidly decreasing depth? Etc.

Many people can memorize what to do when something happens. But understanding WHY and fixing the real problem is the key. I know my instructor made me really understand (and demonstrate) the WHY in addition to the "what to do" drills.

Regards,

Brett
 
I'd also like to point out that it is as important to know WHY a certain response is required to a specific situation. IMHO, it isn't enough to demonstrate that you have the muscle memory to do something.

For example, if your PO2 is low, WHY?

Out of O2? Solenoid not firing? Controller batteries dead? Lazy on a manual CCR and not adding O2? Rapidly decreasing depth? Etc.

Many people can memorize what to do when something happens. But understanding WHY and fixing the real problem is the key. I know my instructor made me really understand (and demonstrate) the WHY in addition to the "what to do" drills.

Regards,

Brett
I totally agree Brett. That is why I mentioned creating "thinking divers". The problem is there is many times a disconnect between thinking through the problem and being able to physically respond to the problem due to lack of practice.
 
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I think you're spot on about the baby steps and having to start learning again (when moving from OC to CC tech). I don't yet teach CCR (I don't think my skills of understanding is good enough yet) but from a Mod2 level verses 45m limited trimix OC instructing, there's a significant difference between the rationales and thinking. I don't understand why so many people think having OC tech qualifications means you'll be better on CCR and as a specific example, why they think their OC gas choices are just as optimal for CC bailout. From what I can see, if you don't assume you're starting from scratch, you'll me about to make a mistake.
 
Your first class with TDI, OK, you are good for 30M with no decompression. Come back after you mastered that.
But I do 100M trimix deco dives every weekend, that is what I got the rebreather for.
In due time. Starting all over again.

I am in the starting all over again camp right now. I have this kick ass rEvo.
Lets do a 150' deco dive.
Hold on, let me get my sidemount gear out...

Maybe next year I'll have the time and expertise to get back to where I was at OC.
 
Hi Randy,

I completely agree with everything you said. I just wanted to add something.

From the very beginning, divers are taught that deeper is harder. That is correct. You use your gas faster, so you need your eyes on the ball. There's narcosis. There's deco. Deco means more kit, and the associated skills. You can't really eyeball gas anymore, so you need to do planning. Next, helium. Then at some point you need travel gas... Deeper is harder.

Obviously depth itself presents its own challenges. For one thing, it's a longer way home when something bad happens. But the point is that the competence required to just be able to do the dive increases with depth.

This has two important corollaries. One, drills notwithstanding, the one and only way to practice the necessary skills is to go there. Two, the one and only way to know you're ready for the next level is to do the dives; once you're competent at your current level, you can proceed to next one. There's a problem there in that some reverse this and take it that since they've done the dive, they're competent, but that's off topic.

Every diver understands and agrees with this (some might take what seems to others like shortcuts, but they're not in their mind). It's what we've been taught. It's "obvious". And it's (largely) correct.

The problem is: this is not correct with rebreathers. At all.

Rebreather diving does not get harder as you go deeper (up to a point, of course). What's the difference between a 20m 30mins rebreather dive and a 40m 30mins rebreather dive? Nothing. What's the difference between a 40m 2h rebreather dive and a 80m 2h rebreather dive? Even less. You potter around at your max depth, your handset always read 1.30 1.31 (hoo!) 1.30, you gauges barely move - one doesn't move at all. You don't need to touch your MAVs or dumps. You don't need to do anything. It's just great.

It's actually the opposite. Do a dive between 5m and 15m, at 1.3 SP, up and down rocks, with the waves reaching down, and you spend half the dive looking at three different numbers, absolutely any number (but not 1.30) and the other half dumping this and injecting that. This is where the machine takes a life of its own. This is where you learn the skills required to go deeper. This is where every machine behaves differently.

All rebreather divers know this, of course. "Shallow, it's a pig". Few take this observation to its logical conclusion: this is where I need to dive to master the thing.

And, to be fair, why would they? It's against everything they've been taught, nah, that's been drilled into their heads from the very beginning. It's against everything they will be taught (training agencies do everything they can to support the OC way of thinking, by having rebreather courses closely matching OC ones).

So here's how it goes... 20m, bit tricky at the end. Again, bit better. 30m, hey I'm getting good at this. 40m, no problem, I rock! "Diving a rebreather is a piece of cake!" Time for mod2 (or, alternatively, what's mod2 for? I already did all the skills anyway). No, you don't. And it's not. You just made the dive easier.

Bottom line: if you want to practice diving a rebreather, forget what you've been taught on OC, you have to go shallow.

Cheers,

Matthieu

Notes:
1 - I'm not saying there's no value in taking deeper and deeper baby steps. There is. I'm saying it's not where you'll learn diving the machine.
2 - The quotes are actual quotes.
3 - No, hanging for dear life on a shot at 6m is not "diving shallow".
 
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Having just done a shallow dive yesterday for an hour with the last 30 mins at 6m I can confirm the above post is very accurate.
 
While midwater has its own challenges (boredom being one), there's nothing like diving shallow caves (<15m) to really up your CCR game - in part because you can actually stand to do multiple hours worth of minute buoyancy control :)))
 
Hi Randy,

I completely agree with everything you said. I just wanted to add something.

From the very beginning, divers are taught that deeper is harder. That is correct. You use your gas faster, so you need your eyes on the ball. There's narcosis. There's deco. Deco means more kit, and the associated skills. You can't really eyeball gas anymore, so you need to do planning. Next, helium. Then at some point you need travel gas... Deeper is harder.

Obviously depth itself presents its own challenges. For one thing, it's a longer way home when something bad happens. But the point is that the competence required to just be able to do the dive increases with depth.

This has two important corollaries. One, drills notwithstanding, the one and only way to practice the necessary skills is to go there. Two, the one and only way to know you're ready for the next level is to do the dives; once you're competent at your current level, you can proceed to next one. There's a problem there in that some reverse this and take it that since they've done the dive, they're competent, but that's off topic.

Every diver understands and agrees with this (some might take what seems to others like shortcuts, but they're not in their mind). It's what we've been taught. It's "obvious". And it's (largely) correct.

The problem is: this is not correct with rebreathers. At all.

Rebreather diving does not get harder as you go deeper (up to a point, of course). What's the difference between a 20m 30mins rebreather dive and a 40m 30mins rebreather dive? Nothing. What's the difference between a 40m 2h rebreather dive and a 80m 2h rebreather dive? Even less. You potter around at your max depth, your handset always read 1.30 1.31 (hoo!) 1.30, you gauges barely move - one doesn't move at all. You don't need to touch your MAVs or dumps. You don't need to do anything. It's just great.

It's actually the opposite. Do a dive between 5m and 15m, at 1.3 SP, up and down rocks, with the waves reaching down, and you spend half the dive looking at three different numbers, absolutely any number (but not 1.30) and the other half dumping this and injecting that. This is where the machine takes a life of its own. This is where you learn the skills required to go deeper. This is where every machine behaves differently.

All rebreather divers know this, of course. "Shallow, it's a pig". Few take this observation to its logical conclusion: this is where I need to dive to master the thing.

And, to be fair, why would they? It's against everything they've been taught, nah, that's been drilled into their heads from the very beginning. It's against everything they will be taught (training agencies do everything they can to support the OC way of thinking, by having rebreather courses closely matching OC ones).

So here's how it goes... 20m, bit tricky at the end. Again, bit better. 30m, hey I'm getting good at this. 40m, no problem, I rock! "Diving a rebreather is a piece of cake!" Time for mod2 (or, alternatively, what's mod2 for? I already did all the skills anyway). No, you don't. And it's not. You just made the dive easier.

Bottom line: if you want to practice diving a rebreather, forget what you've been taught on OC, you have to go shallow.

Cheers,

Matthieu

Notes:
1 - I'm not saying there's no value in taking deeper and deeper baby steps. There is. I'm saying it's not where you'll learn diving the machine.
2 - The quotes are actual quotes.
3 - No, hanging for dear life on a shot at 6m is not "diving shallow".

Great comments Matthieu! Right on target!
 
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